India Spine Clinic

Disc Replacement

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What is Disc Replacement?

Disc replacement, also known as artificial disc replacement or total disc replacement, is a surgical procedure used to treat degenerative disc disease (DDD) in the spine. The procedure involves removing a damaged or degenerated spinal disc and replacing it with an artificial disc implant, with the goal of preserving motion at the affected spinal segment while providing stability and pain relief.

Common Disc Replacement

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Before undergoing disc replacement surgery, patients undergo a thorough evaluation, which may include imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans. This helps the surgeon assess the extent of disc degeneration and determine whether disc replacement is a suitable treatment option.
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Disc replacement surgery is typically performed under general anesthesia. The surgeon accesses the spine through an incision in the abdomen (anterior approach) or the back (posterior approach), depending on the location of the affected disc.
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Once the surgical approach is established, the surgeon removes the damaged or degenerated disc from the spinal segment. Any remaining disc material or debris may also be cleared to prepare the space for the artificial disc implant.
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The artificial disc implant, made of metal and/or plastic components, is then inserted into the disc space. The implant is designed to mimic the function of a natural spinal disc, allowing for controlled motion and flexibility while providing stability and support to the spine.
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Patients typically stay in the hospital for a few days following disc replacement surgery to monitor recovery and manage pain. Physical therapy may be initiated soon after surgery to promote mobility and strengthen the surrounding muscles. Most patients can resume normal activities gradually over several weeks to months, depending on the individual’s recovery progress.

Treatment of Common Disc Replacement

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Patients undergo a thorough evaluation, including medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic imaging (such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans) to assess the extent of disc degeneration and determine if disc replacement is appropriate.
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Initially, non-surgical treatments are often attempted to manage symptoms of DDD. These may include:
  • Pain medication: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), muscle relaxants, or analgesics to alleviate pain and inflammation.
  • Physical therapy: Targeted exercises, stretching, and manual therapy to improve spinal mobility, strengthen muscles, and alleviate symptoms.
  • Activity modification: Avoiding activities that exacerbate symptoms and adopting ergonomic practices to reduce strain on the spine.
  • Epidural steroid injections: Injections of corticosteroids into the epidural space to reduce inflammation and alleviate pain.
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    If conservative treatments fail to provide adequate relief or if symptoms worsen, surgery may be considered. Patients who are candidates for disc replacement undergo further evaluation to assess surgical risk and suitability for the procedure.
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    • For patients deemed suitable candidates, disc replacement surgery is performed. The procedure involves removing the damaged or degenerated spinal disc and replacing it with an artificial disc implant, preserving motion at the affected spinal segment.
    • The surgical approach may vary depending on factors such as the location of the affected disc and the surgeon’s preference. Common approaches include anterior (through the abdomen) or posterior (through the back) approaches.
    • The surgery is typically performed under general anesthesia, and patients may stay in the hospital for a few days for postoperative monitoring and pain management.
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    • Following disc replacement surgery, patients undergo a rehabilitation program tailored to their needs. This may include physical therapy, occupational therapy, and gradual return to normal activities.
    • Physical therapy aims to improve spinal mobility, strengthen muscles, and promote proper posture to support the spine and prevent future issues.
    • Recovery times vary depending on individual factors and the extent of surgery but may involve several weeks to months of gradual rehabilitation.